What do the Kazakhstani rural school leaders, teachers, students, and parents understand by the quality of education? What opportunities, resources, and support are available to these rural schools for achieving their aspired quality of education? What issues and challenges do these rural schools face in achieving the perceived quality of education? What possible solutions can be found to the issues hindering the quality of education in these schools? To explore these questions, a mixed methods study is being conducted in purposefully selected mainstream rural schools in Kazakhstan. This study employs a modified version of the UNICEF’s Quality of Education Framework: the quality of learners, curriculum/content, processes, environments, and outcomes (UNICEF, 2000) to explore the research questions.